Pathology and Molecular Diagnosis

Biography

Biography: Dipak P Ramji

Abstract

Atherosclerosis, an inflammatory disorder of medium and large arteries and the underlying cause of myocardial infarction and cerebrovascular accident, is responsible for more deaths worldwide than any other disease. Pharmaceutical intervention together with lifestyle changes have recently resulted in a slight reduction in morbidity and mortality from atherosclerosis and its complications, at least in the western world. However, this is expected to change in the future because of global increase in risk factors such as obesity and diabetes. Current pharmaceutical therapies against atherosclerosis such as statins are not fully effective and associated with several side effects together with patient-dependent efficacy. Unfortunately, many pharmaceuticalleads against established targets have proved disappointing at the clinical level (e.g. inhibitors against cholesterol ester transfer protein). It is therefore essential that further research is carried out into alternative therapies for the prevention and/or treatment of atherosclerosis. Nutraceuticals have recently received substantial interest for the prevention/treatment of atherosclerosis (see our article in Nature Reviews Cardiology 13, 2016, 513-32). However, more in-depth understanding is required on the molecular mechanisms underlying the actions of nutraceuticals together with large clinical trials testing their efficacy.We have recently initiated studies on the effects of many nutraceuticals, including certain omega-6-fatty acids, polyphenols and flavanols, on several key monocyte/macrophage processes associated with atherosclerosis in vitro(e.g. monocytic migration, macrophage polarization, foam cell formation, activation of inflammasome and production of reactive oxygen species) and various risk factors in vivo. These will be presented in the context of current therapies and those that are being developed.